{"id":5783,"date":"2025-03-06T16:26:24","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T07:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/?page_id=5783"},"modified":"2025-03-10T10:58:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T01:58:20","slug":"pr-yosui","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/en\/prenatal\/pr-yosui\/","title":{"rendered":"Amniocentesis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section-dept__container\">\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__first_content\">\r\n<section class=\"section-dept__content01\">\r\n<h1 class=\"section-dept__content01_title mb50\">\r\n     Fetal Diagnosis Offered at Oak Clinic \r\n    <\/h1>\r\n<h2 class=\"section-dept__content02_title\" id=\"outpatient\">\r\n     Fetal Diagnosis Clinic: Amniocentesis\r\n    <\/h2>\r\n<p>\r\n     This test is conducted between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy (recommended after 17 weeks) to check for any chromosomal abnormalities in the baby by sampling amniotic fluid from the uterus. It includes tests for all chromosomes (G-band), including Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13, as well as microdeletion tests (such as microarray) for small chromosomal deletions that may cause abnormalities in the fetus.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n     As the age of the couple increases, the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus also rises, which is why many couples opt for amniocentesis, a fetal diagnostic test. Recently, many couples have been opting for NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing); however, NIPT is a screening test to determine the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities, not a diagnostic test. Even if the result is negative, false negatives are possible, meaning the true status is uncertain. Therefore, if you want a definitive result, we recommend Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) during early pregnancy or amniocentesis after the 16th week.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n     Couples who have undergone PGT (Preimplantation Genetic Testing) are strongly advised to choose amniocentesis over CVS, as the latter uses tissue from the placenta. While the risk of miscarriage is very low (about 0.1%), it is important to be aware of this possibility. For issues other than chromosomal abnormalities, detailed fetal ultrasound examinations are effective.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__guide_btn_area pt0 mt0 mb20\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"section-dept__guide_btn guide_btn_w\">\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/en\/prenatal\/cu_nipt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n<p>\r\n         Reference 1: NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing \/ Non-Invasive Prenatal Genetic Testing) \r\n        <\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__guide_btn_area pt0 mt0 mb50\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"section-dept__guide_btn guide_btn_w\">\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/en\/prenatal\/#ultrasound\">\r\n<p>\r\n         Reference 2: Detailed Fetal Ultrasound Examination \r\n        <\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__content02_text\" id=\"about-outpatient\">\r\n<h3 class=\"section-dept__content03_title align_left\">\r\n      Test Method\r\n     <\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"\">\r\n      Between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy (recommended after 17 weeks), an abdominal ultrasound is used to check the position of the placenta, baby, and umbilical cord. A thin needle is then inserted just below the navel to collect amniotic fluid for testing.<br>\r\n\r\nA local anesthetic is applied to the insertion area, so there is minimal pain. Finding the optimal insertion point may take about 10 minutes with ultrasound, but the procedure itself is completed in just 3 to 5 minutes.<br>\r\n\r\nThe collected amniotic fluid contains fetal cells, which undergo chromosomal analysis (G-band) and microdeletion testing (such as microarray). Results are typically available about two weeks after the test.<br>\r\n\r\nAfter the procedure, you will rest in the clinic for 2 to 3 hours while the baby's condition is monitored before you are discharged. On the day of the test, please avoid bathing and try to rest as much as possible.\r\n\r\n     <\/p>\r\n<p class=\"align_center\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u7f8a\u6c34\u691c\u67fb\u306e\u56f3\" height=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/prenatal\/amniocentesis.png\" width=\"\"\/>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt50\">\r\n      \u25b6\ufe0e Chromosomal Analysis (G-Banding) \r\n     <\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n      Standard amniocentesis is performed using a method called G-banding analysis. Fetal cells in the amniotic fluid are cultured to increase their number, and cells in the metaphase stage of division\u2014when chromosome structures are most identifiable\u2014are selected, stained, and analyzed.<br>\r\n\r\nThis method determines the number of chromosomes 1 through 22, as well as the X and Y sex chromosomes. Since each chromosome is individually examined, large abnormalities such as extra or missing segments and translocations (where chromosome segments are rearranged) can also be detected.\r\n\r\n     <\/p>\r\n<p class=\"mt50\">\r\n      \u25b6\ufe0e Microdeletion Testing (e.g., Microarray) \r\n     <\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n      Chromosomes are composed of proteins and DNA (genes).\r\nDNA consists of four types of bases\u2014adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)\u2014which form a double-helix structure. The sequence of these bases (base sequence) carries genetic information.<br>\r\n\r\nWhile the number and arrangement of bases are specific to each species, there are regions where the sequence differs from the standard base sequence approximately once every few hundred to a thousand bases.<br>\r\n\r\nThese single-base differences are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which contribute to individual differences and genetic diversity.\r\nIn humans, there are about 10 million SNPs among the 3 billion bases, and several SNPs have been identified as being associated with congenital disorders.\r\nBy using a method called \"SNP microarray,\" which analyzes chromosomes at the base sequence level, it is possible to detect subtle chromosomal abnormalities that cannot be identified through G-banding analysis.<br>\r\n\r\nChromosomal microdeletion syndromes vary in symptoms depending on the location of the deletion (Table 1). While some cases may present no symptoms at all, others may involve severe complications.<br>\r\n\r\nA well-known example is DiGeorge syndrome, which is associated with organ development abnormalities, congenital heart defects, intellectual disabilities, speech disorders, and immunodeficiency. The prevalence of this syndrome is estimated to be approximately 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 individuals.\r\n\r\n     <\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 80%; margin: 20px auto\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Chromosomes and DNA fragments diagram.\" height=\"157\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/checkup\/snp_01-en.png\" width=\"155\"\/>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"mt15 pl10 pr10\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"#\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/checkup\/yajirushi.gif\" width=\"28\"\/>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Diagram of amplification, hybridisation and analysis of DNA fragments.\" height=\"134\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/checkup\/snp_02.gif\" width=\"231\"\/>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"pt15 pl10 pr10\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"#\" height=\"22\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/checkup\/yajirushi.gif\" width=\"28\"\/>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Report Diagram\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/checkup\/snp_03.gif\" width=\"97\"\/>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"pt10\">\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"align_center pt10\">\r\n         6\uff09\tAmplifying DNA fragments \r\n         <br\/>\r\n         \u2193\r\n         <br\/>\r\n         7\uff09\tHybridization \r\n         <br\/>\r\n         \u2193\r\n         <br\/>\r\n         8\uff09\tAnalysis\r\n        <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"pt10\">\r\n         9\uff09\tCan detect even subtle abnormalities\r\n        <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"align_center mt50\">\r\n      Table 1. Chromosomal Microdeletion Syndromes \r\n     <\/p>\r\n<div class=\"fee_box\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>\r\n          Name\r\n         <\/th>\r\n<th>\r\n          Chromosomal Deletion Site \r\n         <\/th>\r\n<th>\r\n          Main Symptoms \r\n         <\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Chromosome 4 short arm (4p) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Distinctive facial features, growth retardation, severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, intractable epilepsy, feeding difficulties \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          Williams Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Chromosome 7 long arm (7q11.23) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Aortic valve stenosis, intellectual disability, 'elfin' facial features, transient hypercalcemia in infancy \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          Prader-Willi Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Paternal chromosome 15 long arm (15q11) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Hypotonia from birth, obesity, gonadal dysfunction, small hands and feet, intellectual disability \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          Angelman Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Maternal chromosome 15 long arm (15q11) \r\n          <br\/>\r\n          \uff0815q11\uff09\r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Seizures, puppet-like ataxia, spontaneous laughter, hand-flapping, severe intellectual disability \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          Miller-Dieker Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Chromosome 17 short arm (17p13.3) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Lissencephaly, low upward-facing nose, severe developmental delay, seizures, severe intellectual disability \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\">\r\n          DiGeorge Syndrome \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Chromosome 22 long arm (22q11.21) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          Hypoplasia or absence of the thymus and parathyroids, congenital heart defects, cleft palate, intellectual disability, psychiatric issues \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4 class=\"section-top__guide_title mt50\" style=\"font-size:18px;\">\r\n      What Can Be Determined from the Test \r\n     <\/h4>\r\n<p>The test can detect chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18, and trisomy 13, as well as structural chromosomal abnormalities, including small deletions.<br>\r\n\r\nAbnormalities in the number of chromosomes tend to increase with maternal age, while small deletions are said to occur randomly, regardless of maternal age.<br>\r\n\r\nAdditionally, the effects and symptoms on the baby can vary depending on which chromosome has the numerical or structural abnormality. Therefore, it is important to discuss with your partner beforehand what actions to take based on the test results.<br>\r\n\r\nAlthough this is a definitive test, it cannot diagnose all congenital disorders. Other factors, such as contamination of maternal cells, poor culturing of fetal cells from the amniotic fluid, or unexpected reasons, may prevent the test from being completed, and multiple pregnancies can affect the accuracy of the results.<br>\r\n\r\nThere may also be cases where mosaicism (a mixture of normal and abnormal cells) is detected, or where small chromosomal changes with unclear significance are found.\r\nOur clinic provides genetic counseling and is here to support both of you, so please feel free to consult with us.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4 class=\"section-top__guide_title mt50\" style=\"font-size:18px;\">\r\n      Test Costs\r\n     <\/h4>\r\n<div class=\"fee_box\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"color_gray\" rowspan=\"3\">\r\n          Amniocentesis (including procedure fee) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          G-Banding Method \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          \uffe5148,000\uff08with tax \uffe5162,800\uff09\r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n          \uff0bRapid Method (such as FISH) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          +\uffe520,000\uff08with tax \uffe521,000\uff09\r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n          \uff0bMicrodeletion Detection (Microarray) \r\n         <\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n          +\uffe5100,000\uff08with tax \uffe5110,000\uff09\r\n         <\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n      \u203bFees are subject to change without prior notice. <br>\r\n\r\n\u203bResults of the test may be delayed. Please understand that this is only an estimate.<br>\r\n \r\n\u203bAn appointment is required to undergo the test. Please contact us by phone for inquiries. \r\n\r\n     <\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"section-dept__content02_title mt50\" id=\"item\">\r\n      Advantages and Disadvantages of Amniocentesis \r\n     <\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__content02_text\">\r\n<h3 class=\"section-dept__content03_title align_left\">\r\n       Advantages:\r\n      <\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li> \u25cf Confirmatory testing for fetal chromosomal abnormalities can be performed. <\/li>\r\n<li> \u25cf Confirmatory testing can be done by directly analyzing the fetal chromosomes. <\/li>\r\n<li> \u25cf If the test results are normal, you can enjoy a worry-free pregnancy, and depending on the results, preparations for life after birth can begin early.  <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__content02_text mt50\">\r\n<h3 class=\"section-dept__content03_title align_left\">\r\n        Disadvantages: \r\n       <\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li> \u25cf There is a 0.1% chance that it may lead to miscarriage. <\/li>\r\n<li> \u25cf In rare cases, complications such as bleeding, abdominal pain, uterine infection, and amniotic fluid embolism may occur. <\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"text_frame3 align_center mt25 mb0\">\n  <p class=\"frame3_title rem17\">English Help Desk <\/p>\n  <p class=\"mb0 rem20\">TEL:<a class=\"tel\" href=\"tel:070-1820-0909\">070-1820-0909<\/a><\/p>\n  <p class=\"mb0 rem20\">Email:<a href=\"mailto:english_help@oakclinic-group.com\">english_help@oakclinic-group.com<\/a><\/p>\n  <p>[Reception time]<br>\n    Monday-Saturday 09\uff1a00-17\uff1a00<br>\n    For urgent inquiries, please contact us by phone.\n  <\/p>\n  <div class=\"section-dept__guide_btn_area\">\n    <ul>\n      <li class=\"section-dept__guide_btn  guide_btn_w\"> <a href=\"info01_eg.html\" target=\"_blank\">\n          <p>About English-Language Services<\/p>\n        <\/a> \u3000\u3000<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__intro_image_area pt0\">\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__intro_wrapper\">\r\n<div class=\"section-dept__intro_image\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/en\/staff\/\">\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\" Doctor's Profiles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/wp-content\/themes\/oak-clinic\/assets\/images\/clinic\/sumiyoshi\/img_10.png\" width=\"744\"\/>\r\n<div class=\"intro_text\">\r\n<p>\r\n            Doctor's Profiles\r\n          <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- section-dept__container end -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Fetal Diagnosis Offered at Oak Clinic Fetal Diagnosis Clinic: Amniocentesis This test is conducted between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy (recommended after 17 weeks) to check for any chromosomal abnormalities in the baby by sampling amniotic fluid from the uterus. It includes tests for all chromosomes (G-band), including Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Trisomy 18, [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5487,"menu_order":506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp\/?page_id=580","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5783","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5783"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5887,"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5783\/revisions\/5887"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oakclinic-group.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}